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In this white paper, the European Biostimulants Industry Council (EBIC) reviews the science on the mode of action of seaweed-based plant biostimulants. Contrary to earlier hypotheses, recent research has shown that the effects of seaweed extracts on plants and their metabolism appear to be largely a function of other biomolecules (carbohydrates, polyphenols, etc.), which modulate gene expression and induce metabolic changes in plants that lead to the observed biostimulant effects.